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Volume 4, Number 1, January 2006
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Plug-In Power: Michael Romanowski uses UAD-1 Plug-Ins to Master a Song

This month, I have employed the help of mastering engineer extraordinaire Michael Romanowski to use UAD-1 plug-ins to master a song, and describe the process along the way. We've included sound clips of the song after each plug-in and screenshots, along with Michael's detailed description of how and why he used each plug-in, and the presets of each plug-in.

Take it away Michael!

Original unmastered audio

play .mp3


download .wav
Lemonade-Original.wav
(right click or option-click)

Please wait for the files to load. This may be a minute or two on dial-up connections.

First Plug-In
I started with the Pultec Pro EQ. I wanted to do a general, gentle shaping of the drums and electric guitars by pulling down 1 k. That helped get a bit of the boxiness of the snare under control, as well add a relatively wide, gentle boost at 5 kHz to help with the snap and power of the snare and the presence of the electric guitars.

First Plug-In Audio

play .mp3


download .wav
Lemonade-PultecPro.wav
(right click or option-click)

download preset

Figure 1: First plug-in in the chain is Pultec Pro


Second Plug-In
Next I used a Precision EQ. I felt that the foundational bass could be brought up a bit by adding 1 dB at a Q of 4 at 81 Hz, and +0.5 dB with a narrow Q of 9 at 174 Hz. The Bass frequencies felt a little muddy to me. The boost at 174 helped give the kick a bit more punch without clouding the bottom. And the boost at 81 Hz helped add support and balance to the top end. I continued to cut around the boxy feeling in the snare and add to the electric guitars and vocal presence by cutting 1.5 dB at 1.9 kHz. The other EQ adjustments with this insert were a highpass filter at 20 Hz to eliminate the un-reproduceable and, in this case, unnecessary sub frequencies; and a high shelf at 11 kHz with a boost of 1 dB to help open up the sense of space around the instruments and vocals.

Second Plug-In Audio

play .mp3


download .wav
Lemonade-PultecPro-PEQ1.wav
(right click or option-click)

download preset

Figure 2: Second plug-in in the chain, Precision EQ

Third Plug-In
Next I used another instance of the Precision EQ to, again, get rid of a little more of the hollowness of the mix and add some more bite in the guitars and vocal presence with a cut of 1 dB at 819 Hz and a boost 1 dB at 4.9 kHz with a narrow Q of 4.

Third Plug-In Audio

play .mp3


download .wav
Lemonade-PultecPro-PEQ2.wav
(right click or option-click)

download preset

Figure 3: 3rd plug-in in the chain, Precision EQ


Fourth Plug-In
Next, I used the new Precision Multi-Band Compressor. I used all five bands to different degrees with compression and tonal shaping combined. I started with Mix settings at 100% and linear phase selected for all bands of compression. (I did like what I heard when I used Mix settings at a little less than 100%, but for this particular song, I felt it needed to be used fully.) For the Low band, I wanted to have the compressor only become active when the bass frequencies (particularly the deep kick frequencies and hot spots from the bass guitar) jumped out. This is a pop song that moves along solidly and rhythmically. Keeping the foundation consistent helped maintain the power of the rhythm. I used a threshold of -32.9 dB, and attack of 14.8 ms, a release of 41.1 ms with a ratio of 2.03:1. The idea is that with a slow attack, the bass frequencies would not cause the compressor to pump. A slow release would hold on just long enough to ease back to zero the gain reduction. A relatively gentle ratio helped maintain the naturalness of the sounds.

For the Low-Mid band, I used the settings of -26.2 dB for a threshold, 7.26 ms for an attack, 24.3 ms for a release and ratio of 1.74:1. I also added 1.1 dB of gain at this stage. The reason for these setting was to help with the warmth of the mid-bottom end, having a higher threshold and quicker attack and release than the Low band but a lower ratio as to not let peaks through so much, but also not hold them back (lower ratio) once the threshold was reached. The Mid band settings added .8 dB of gain for more presence of the vocal range. Not much compression was done, even with the threshold low at -32.4 dB (to catch the snare hits), the attack at 16 ms, 28.2 ms release and a ratio of 2.13:1. I wanted the midrange to come up a little bit after shaping the tone with the EQ's earlier in the chain. Once I had sculpted the sound to my liking, the compression in this band particularly was used to bring back the overall tonal balance throughout the frequency spectrum of the song.

The High-Mid band had settings of -27.2 dB as a threshold, 5.07 ms for the attack, 30.5 ms for the release and 1.7:1 as a ratio with a gain makeup of +1.2 dB. With higher frequencies having shorter wavelengths, I wanted the attack much quicker and the release much longer. That helped keep cymbal attacks in check without smearing the top end or the decay of the cymbals and the guitars and vocals. The High band was even quicker, and less affecting on the attack (4.96 ms), slower with the release (40.2 ms), a slight ratio (1.71:1) and a low threshold (-33.6 ms) with no gain makeup.

Fourth Plug-In Audio

play .mp3


download .wav
Lemonade-PultecPro-PP-PEQ1_2-PMB.wav
(right click or option-click)

download preset

Figure 4: 4th plug-in in the chain, Precision Multiband

Fifth Plug-In
Finally, I used the Precision Limiter to catch any overs and keep the gain up without having to over compress the mix, allowing it to breathe yet be competitively loud as a pop record.

As you can see (and hear!), the Precision Mastering Series of plug-ins, along with other UAD-1 plug-ins, provide a complete mastering solution for professionals and project studio owners. In the coming months, we'll do more of these mastering tutorials with other professional mastering engineers.

Fifth Plug-In Audio

play .mp3


download .wav
Lemonade-PultecPro-ALL.wav
(right click or option-click)

download preset

Figure 5: 5th plug-in in the chain, Precision Limiter

Michael Romanowski hails from Nashville, where his engineering career began in live sound before he moved into studio recording and mixing, and then to mastering. His transition to mastering brought him to California when he went to work for Rocket Lab in 1994. He then went on to work in the new mastering room at The Plant in Sausalito, Calif., where he worked for two years. He now works out of Paul Stubblebine Mastering in San Francisco. His client list includes artists as diverse as Pete Ham/Badfinger, Suzanne Ciani and Too $hort.

The song "Lemonade" comes from Santa Cruz's local indie rock favorite Fainting Goats off of their upcoming debut release, Native Sounds of the Golden West. The album was recorded and produced by UA's Will Shanks at Ear to the Ground Studio, and mastered by Michael Romanowski.

Michael Romanowski's room at Paul Stubblebine Mastering in San Francisco

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